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Titel:

CFP2022-1069

Combined polarization-KPFM method to determine changes of the surface potential of ceria-spinel-based dual phase composites.
Poster Exhibition
Active materials for Lithium-ion batteries
Characterization methods

Dual phase composites, consisting of doped ceria as oxygen conductive phase and an iron-cobalt-based spinel (Fe3-xCoxO4) as electron conductive phase can be used as oxygen permeation membranes working at high temperatures above 800 °C [1-3].
The defect chemistry of these materials is well analyzed for temperatures between 600-1200 °C, whereas for other applications, for example in membrane reactors to enable partial oxidation, lower temperature is needed. Especially ceria-based composites hold great promise for low-temperature applications due to their very high oxide ion conductivity at comparably moderate temperatures. Yet, for a better understanding of low temperature charge transport, further investigation is required.
In this study we used composites of ceria, doped with Gd or Sm and FeCo2O4 or its iron-rich counterpart Fe2CoO4. We apply Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to determine the local surface potential [4, 5], which is a sensitive indicator for local changes of the defect chemistry.
By using a platin coated AFM tip as an electron conducting nano-electrode, a constant voltage pulse was applied to a certain point at the sample surface to induce a local polarization with distinctly changed redox state and defect concentrations. Straight afterwards, a Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) measurement was followed, where the AFM tip was used as Kelvin probe to scan the locally changed surface potential distribution at the sample surface. On this way the relaxation process was mapped until the original state was reached again.
This measurement setup allows us to observe local surface potential distribution, lateral extent of the gradient, variations of the shape of the gradient and changes in the potential distribution at grain boundaries [6, 7]. We are also able to determine room temperature diffusion coefficients. This type of measurement can also be used in the research of composites utilized in batteries.

Literature:
1. Ramasamy, M.; Baumann, S.; Palisaitis, J.; Schulze‐Küppers, F.; Balaguer, M.; Kim, D.; Meulenberg, W. A.; Mayer, J.; Bhave, R.; Guillon, O. J Amer Ceram Soc 2016, 99 (1), 349-355.
2. Ramasamy, M.; Persoon, E. S.; Baumann, S.; Schroeder, M.; Schulze-Küppers, F.; Görtz, D.; Bhave, R.; Bram, M.; Meulenberg, W. A. Journal of membrane science 2017, 544, 278-286.
3. Lin, Y.; Fang, S.; Su, D.; Brinkman, K. S.; Chen, F. Nature Comm 2015, 6 (1), 1-9.
4. Örnek, C.; Leygraf, C.; Pan, J. Corr Eng Sci Tech 2019, 54 (3), 185-198.
5. Melitz, W.; Shen, J.; Kummel, A. C.; Lee, S. Surf Sci Rep 2011, 66 (1), 1-27.
6. Neuhaus, K.; Schulze-Küppers, F.; Baumann, S.; Ulbrich, G.; Lerch, M.; Wiemhöfer, H.-D. Solid State Ionics 2016, 288, 325-330.
7. Lee, W.; Lee, M.; Kim, Y.-B.; Prinz, F. B. Nanotechnology 2009, 20 (44), 445706.

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Autor

Unternehmen/Institut

Co-Autoren

L. Fischer, K. Ran, J. Mayer, S. Baumann, K. Neuhaus