The importance of the battery use phase for sustainability

Summary:

The question of which batteries are the most appropriate, in terms of cost and sustainability, to use in a particular application, can only be addressed by taking a holistic perspective considering all impacts and benefits across the entire life cycle of the battery. Sustainability is a very complex topic, requiring strategic analysis before wide scale deployment of batteries in electric vehicles and stationary storage. We have developed techno-economic and life cycle assessment tools to help answer these questions.